基于马斯洛需求层次理论的船员教育管理提升研究

青岛远洋船员职业学院科创中心,山东 青岛266427

船员教育;船员管理;马斯洛需求层次理论;调查问卷

Study on the Improvement of Crew Education and Management Based on Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
JIANG Shi-qian,WANG Sheng-jun

Centre of Scientific Research Innovation, Qingdao Ocean Shipping Mariners College, Qingdao 266427,China

crew education; crew management; Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory; questionnaire.

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针对我国船员队伍当前面临的结构性短缺和后继乏人等问题,基于问卷调查和企业调研,分析得出影响学生入职船员队伍的主要因素是收入水平和航海热爱度,导致船员离开船员职业的主要因素是陪伴家人时间少和影响恋爱结婚。根据马斯洛需求层次理论,职业生涯不同时期的船员主要需求不同,应采取不同的应对策略。在船员通识教育阶段,要重点强化船员职业荣誉感的教育;在船员管理方面,要针对船员不同时期的需求重点有针对性地采取诸如提高经济收入、增强人文关怀、打通船岸职业通道等措施,稳定船员队伍。
The In view of the current structural shortage and lack of successors faced by the crew in China, questionnaires and enterprise surveys were carried out, and it was analyzed that the main factors affecting students' entry into the crew were high income and love of navigation, and the main factors for the crew to give up the crew career were less time with their families and love and marriage. Based on Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, the paper analyzes the main needs of seafarers in different periods of the crew profession, and puts forward countermeasures from the aspects of crew education and crew management. In the aspect of crew education, the education of crew's sense of professional honor should be strengthened; in terms of crew management, such measures as increasing crew’s income, strengthening humanistic care, and widening up the career channel between the ship and the shore according to the main needs of the crew in different periods should be focused on.
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